How to Get a Small Business Loan: Types, Qualification & Tips
Starting or expanding a small business often requires extra funding, and that’s where small business loans come in. But the world of business financing can be confusing with so many loan types, qualification criteria, and lenders to choose from. Don’t worry though—I’m here to break it down for you in a simple, informal way so you can find the best loan for your business and increase your chances of approval.
Understanding Small Business Loans: Which One is Right for You?
Before diving into the loan application process, it’s crucial to understand the different types of small business loans available. Each option has its own pros and cons, and some loans fit certain business needs or industries better than others.
Popular Types of Small Business Loans
- Term Loans
You get a lump sum upfront and pay it back in fixed monthly payments over a set period. The interest rate is usually fixed, which means your payments stay consistent. - SBA Loans
These loans are partially guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). They tend to have low interest rates and longer repayment terms, but the application process is lengthier. - Business Line of Credit
Think of this like a credit card for your business. You can borrow what you need up to a limit and only pay interest on the amount you use. - Equipment Financing
This loan helps you buy business equipment. The equipment itself often serves as collateral, and interest rates tend to be fixed. - Revenue-Based Financing
Instead of a traditional interest rate, you pay back a percentage of your revenue until a predetermined amount is repaid. - Microloans
Small loans ranging from $500 to $50,000. Great if you only need a little cash, but they often come with higher interest rates.
Deep Dive Into Each Loan Type
Term Loans: The Classic Choice
Pros:
- Fixed interest rates mean predictable monthly payments.
- Usually offer higher loan amounts than other options.
Cons:
- Tougher to qualify for, requiring good personal credit and business revenue history.
Term loans work well if you want a straightforward loan with a fixed payment schedule. But be prepared to prove your business creditworthiness.
SBA Loans: Government-Backed with Benefits
The SBA doesn’t directly lend money but guarantees part of the loan to reduce the lender’s risk.
Pros:
- Low interest rates.
- Longer repayment terms (often years).
- Great for long-term financing needs.
Cons:
- Lengthy application (can take 10 to 90 days).
- Higher credit score requirements (around 690 or more).
- Need strong business financials and history.
If you have time and a solid business track record, an SBA loan can be one of the cheapest options.
Business Line of Credit: Flexible and Revolving
How it Works:
You get approved for a maximum credit limit (say $50,000). You borrow what you need when you need it. You pay interest only on what you borrow. Repayments free up your credit to borrow again.
Pros:
- Gives you flexibility to cover cash flow gaps or unexpected expenses.
- You only pay interest on the money you actually use.
Cons:
- Watch out for fees like maintenance or draw fees.
- Variable interest rates mean your rate can change.
- Can have stricter approval requirements.
This option is perfect if your cash flow fluctuates and you want to borrow on your own schedule.
Equipment Financing: Own Your Tools
Used to purchase business-related equipment such as machinery, office furniture, or commercial kitchen gear.
Pros:
- Keeps your cash flow intact since you’re financing the equipment.
- Equipment acts as collateral, which can make approval easier.
Cons:
- Limited to equipment purchases only.
- May require a down payment.
A solid pick if you need new machinery or equipment but don’t want to spend all your cash upfront.
Revenue-Based Financing: Pay as You Earn
Instead of fixed payments, you pay a percentage of your business revenue.
How it Works:
If you borrow $100,000 with a factor rate of 1.15, you repay $115,000. Payments can be weekly, monthly, or even daily.
Pros:
- Easier approval compared to traditional loans.
- Fast funding.
Cons:
- Can be more expensive due to factor rates.
- Payments vary with your revenue, which can be unpredictable.
Good for businesses with fluctuating income that want more flexible repayment schedules.
Microloans: Small Amounts, Big Help
Loans typically between $500 and $50,000.
Pros:
- Perfect for startups or small businesses needing less capital.
- Helps build credit history.
Cons:
- Higher interest rates.
- Limited number of lenders offering microloans.
If you don’t need a big loan and want to start small, microloans might be your answer.
Where to Get a Small Business Loan
You have several options to get your small business loan:
- Banks: Traditional route but can be strict with approvals.
- Credit Unions: Often more flexible and community-focused.
- Online Lenders: Growing in popularity, offering fast and easier approval processes.
- SBA-Partnered Lenders: Find these through SBA’s official website (sba.gov).
Pro tip: If a large bank says no, try smaller banks or credit unions. If they say no, online lenders might be your best bet.
What Do You Need to Qualify for a Small Business Loan?
Qualifications vary by loan type and lender, but here are common requirements:
Credit Score
- Minimum usually around 600+.
- SBA loans often want 690+.
Collateral
- SBA loans usually require collateral.
- Equipment financing uses the equipment as collateral.
- Term loans, lines of credit, and microloans may not require collateral but offering it can reduce rates.
- Revenue-based financing doesn’t require collateral.
Business Age
- Generally, lenders want to see at least 12 months of business operations.
- Some exceptions exist.
Revenue
- Lenders look at recent banking transactions and cash flow.
- Consistent income helps your chances.
If one qualification is weak, you might still get approved if you shine in other areas.
How Much Can You Qualify For?
This depends on many factors:
- Cash flow
- Collateral
- Credit score
- Industry
- Business age
- Type of loan requested
To get a quick estimate, use online calculators from lenders or services like Clear Value Lending, which offer free pre-qualification tools.
Tips to Increase Your Loan Approval Odds
1. Improve Your Credit Score
Fix errors on your credit report to boost your score quickly. Even a 100-point jump is possible overnight.
2. Request the Right Loan Amount
Asking for too much can hurt your chances. Align your loan request with your revenue.
3. Maintain Good Banking Practices
Avoid negative ending days in your bank accounts. Five or more can lead to denials.
4. Pay Down Existing Debt
Lowering your debt-to-income ratio makes you less risky to lenders.
5. Offer Collateral
Even if not required, it can help secure better interest rates.
6. Boost Your Business Financials
Increase revenue or profitability to show lenders that you’re a safe bet.
Final Thoughts
Getting a small business loan can seem intimidating, but understanding the types of loans, where to get them, what lenders look for, and how to improve your approval chances will make the process a lot smoother. Remember, not every loan fits every business, so take the time to find the one that best suits your needs.
As a fellow small business owner who’s been through this twice, I’m rooting for your success. If you want a simple, tech-driven way to find financing, check out Clear Value Lending—where technology meets transparency to help you get the funding you deserve.
Good luck, and here’s to your business growth!
FAQ
Q: Can I get a small business loan with bad credit?
A: It’s tougher, but options like revenue-based financing and some online lenders might still approve you.
Q: How long does it take to get approved?
A: It varies. SBA loans can take up to 90 days, while online lenders can fund within days.
Q: Do I need collateral for all loans?
A: No. Collateral is typically needed for SBA loans and equipment financing but not always for microloans or lines of credit.
Q: What’s the difference between a term loan and a line of credit?
A: Term loans give you a lump sum with fixed payments; a line of credit lets you borrow as needed up to a limit.
Q: Are online lenders trustworthy?
A: Many are reputable and offer faster approvals, but always research and read reviews before applying.
That’s a wrap on everything you need to know about small business loans. Go get that funding and make your business dreams a reality!
